Tianjin, China — The upcoming Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit 2025 in Tianjin is shaping up to be a pivotal moment in global geopolitics, as India, Russia, and China signal their intent to deepen cooperation against the backdrop of heightened U.S. trade pressures.
U.S. President Donald Trump’s escalating tariff war has rattled global markets and placed immense strain on traditional alliances. For India, Washington’s aggressive trade posture has created fresh diplomatic challenges, nudging New Delhi closer to Moscow and Beijing within the SCO framework.
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Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to hold talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping on Sunday, as ties between the Asian rivals begin to thaw against the backdrop of Trump’s imposition of punitive tariffs on New Delhi. Modi is on his first visit to China in seven years to participate in the SCO summit, which brings together key regional players including Russia and Iran.
A successful trilateral understanding at the summit would mark a significant strategic realignment, projecting an emerging bloc with the potential to counterbalance U.S. influence in Asia and beyond.
However, the path forward remains complicated. Longstanding border disputes and geopolitical mistrust between India and China continue to cast a shadow over prospects for a full-fledged breakthrough. Analysts note that while shared concerns over U.S. trade policy may unite the three powers tactically, building durable trust will require overcoming deep-seated tensions.
The Tianjin summit, therefore, is expected to serve not only as a test of India’s recalibrated foreign policy, but also as a litmus case for whether the SCO can evolve into a more assertive geopolitical platform in a rapidly shifting world order.
About Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Established in Shanghai in 2001 with six founding members — Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan — the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has expanded significantly over the past decade. India and Pakistan joined in 2017, followed by Iran in 2023 and Belarus in 2024, bringing the total membership to ten.
In addition, the SCO counts Afghanistan and Mongolia as observers and maintains ties with 14 dialogue partners, among them Turkey, Egypt, Armenia, Azerbaijan, several Gulf nations, and other Asian states. With the combined population of its core members, the SCO stands today as the world’s largest regional organization by population.
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